Cancer du poumon : causes, facteurs de risque et symptômes

Lung cancer develops gradually, requiring various mutations or changes in specific genes before becoming apparent. These genetic mutations can occur spontaneously, be inherited, or be triggered by exposure to harmful substances. Prolonged inhalation of harmful substances leads to alterations in the genetic material of lung cells. This disruption of cell division can result in genetic abnormalities, eventually leading to the formation of malignant cancer cells. During their evolution, malignant cells can also migrate to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, giving rise to lung cancer metastases.

In many cases, lung cancer is a consequence of smoking. However, the disease can also affect non-smokers. Passive smoking and exposure to radon, air pollution, and other harmful substances such as asbestos can also cause lung cancer.

In the early stages of the disease, there are few or no symptoms. Typically, there may be fatigue or coughing. The most common symptoms of lung cancer include:

• Chronic, persistent, irritating cough lasting more than 9 weeks
• Blood in the sputum (coughed-up mucus) or when coughing
• Long-lasting lung infections, even after antibiotic treatment
• Excessive mucus production
• Shortness of breath
• Hoarse voice without throat pain
• Chest pain
• Swelling of the face or neck (due to compression of certain blood vessels by the tumor)

These symptoms are often accompanied by:

• Poor physical condition
• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Loss of appetite

Although these symptoms are common, they are not specific and may have other causes. Therefore, they do not necessarily indicate lung cancer. Nevertheless, it is advisable to consult your doctor if one or more symptoms do not disappear after a short period, especially if you have been smoking for a long period.